Sudan's recession deepened in 2020, as the usual challenges were compounded by a health crisis, as well as a locust infestation and floods that hit agricultural production. "This report documents the spreading violence and serious abuses against civilians in the Greater Equatoria region in the last year. UNITAMS, meanwhile, should consult regularly with diverse civil society actors across the country in its planning and strategizing during the transition. Found inside – Page 1SUDAN. March 8, 2021 ... Context: The transitional government embarked on an IMF-supported ... and is projected to return to positive growth in 2021. The representative of Estonia welcomed Sudan’s announcement of its accession to United Nations human rights instruments. Under that arrangement, Machar entered another unity government as deputy to Kiir in February 2020. Outlining political progress, he said Sudan’s Sovereign Council was expanded on 4 February to include three signatories to the Juba Peace Agreement. The landlocked nation of South Sudan, officially the Republic of South Sudan, is located in East-Central Africa surrounded by Ethiopia, Sudan, Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and Kenya.The land itself is a combination of swamp, grasslands, and tropical forests and covers 239,285 square miles (619,745 square . Emphasizing the paramount importance of key provisions on promotion of gender equality, protection of human rights and upholding the rule of law, he reiterated his call on all signatories to fully prioritize them. Found insideUsing interviews, Arabic language sources and a wealth of archival material, this book is an important and original study that is of great significance for scholars of African and Middle Eastern political history. World Report 2021 Essays Countries . Over 30 years, the Sudanese people have seen violent and sustained attacks on civil space and attempts to control and coerce. Sudan's PM Hamdok expected in Juba to discuss current political crisis. The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) called on Monday for an emergency meeting of its foreign ministers, saying the current political situation in the young nation required urgent attention. Reduced private consumption and investment as well as disruptions in value and supply chains also . In turn, the forces led by Simon Gatwech Dual – the general named by the new group last week as interim chief of the opposition SPLA-IO – claimed in a statement they had killed 28 and lost four in their ranks. On the economic front, he said economic hardships — compounded by 304 per cent inflation, large trade and fiscal deficits, high unemployment and poverty — are posing a risk to Sudan’s stability. As UNAMID’s civilian protection mandate ends, the transitional Government must fulfil its responsibility, she said, underscoring an urgent need to swiftly carry out the National Plan for the Protection of Civilians and implement the security pillar of the peace agreement. She went on to emphasize that civil society can bolster — even lead — the coordinated efforts to ensure protection for civilians. In The Root Causes of Sudan's Civil Wars, Douglas H. Johnson examines historical, political, economic, and social factors to come to a more subtle understanding of the trajectory of Sudan's civil wars. Deadly clashes resumed in south between govt and National Salvation Front (NAS), which refused to be part of 2018 peace deal. The international staff footprint is at a minimum, with nearly 70 per cent of the remaining 825 civilian personnel being national staff. By Deng Bol Aruai Bol, Juba, South Sudan. Sudan has been in the midst of a political crisis since long-serving ruler Omar al-Bashir was overthrown in April. Against that backdrop, Atul Khare, Under Secretary-General for Operational Support, reported on the drawdown of the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID), affirming that the mission is “on track in meeting the request of the Council to complete the withdrawal of all uniformed and civilian personnel by 30 June 2021.”  Three of 18 contingents not being considered for a guard unit have been repatriated, while an accelerated drawdown schedule will ensure the departure of all uniformed personnel by end of May, allowing June as a buffer for any unexpected contingencies. The political disunity comes as South Sudan faces chronic instability, economic chaos and its worst hunger crisis since independence, with tens of thousands of people enduring famine-like conditions. The representative of China said that the Juba Peace Agreement is “just the beginning, not the end” and that the current positive political momentum must be maintained. Found insideOn July 9, 2011, South Sudan celebrated its independence as the world's newest nation, an occasion that the country's Christian leaders claimed had been foretold in the Book of Isaiah. Armed groups outside the peace process should join it as soon as possible. A new Cabinet — formed under Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok on 8 February — took on a political, rather than a technocratic, character, representing a broad coalition built on power-sharing between civilians, the military and armed movements. But the pair fell out and Machar was sacked two years later. Sudanese youth also have expressed frustration over their lack of participation in transitional institutions. About 13,400 homes were destroyed, over 43,700 homes were damaged. “I believe that in order to be effective and to aptly support the transition, and have the buy-in of civil society as a key transition partner, UNITAMS should consult regularly and meaningfully with different and diverse civil society actors, across the country in its planning and strategizing for its work during the transition”, she said. Deadly fighting erupts between South Sudan party’s rival factions, South Sudan’s Machar says ‘peace spoilers’ removed him from party, South Sudan’s Vice President Machar deposed by party. The Biden administration has assigned Jeffrey Feltman, a seasoned former senior U.S., and United Nations diplomat to assume the newly created role of special envoy for the Horn of Africa, particularly to deal with Ethiopia's current situation. Europe External Programme with Africa is a Belgium-based Centre of Expertise with in-depth knowledge, publications, and networks, specialised in issues of peacebuilding, refugee protection, and resilience in the Horn of Africa. Women were instrumental in bringing about the transition in Sudan and must not be shut out of the political process. Found inside – Page 478Given this situation, the luxury of advancements in medicine, technology, and military ... societies embroiled in political upheaval, such as South Sudan, ... Turning to Darfur, where “significant obstacles lie ahead”, she echoed the Secretary-General’s call for the Government to expedite implementation of the National Plan for Civilian Protection, the Juba Peace Agreement and other efforts to reduce and prevent community-level violence. The protection of civilians, meanwhile, remains a top UNITAMS priority, he said, especially as intercommunal clashes in El Geneina, West Darfur, in January left 165 people dead and over 100,000 displaced. Found insideFrom the world’s most sophisticated intelligence gathering organization, here is the CIA’s official country-by-country data on nations around the world. The Secretariat is preparing a detailed concept of operations and costing. Sudan's recession deepened in 2020, as the usual challenges were compounded by a health crisis, as well as a locust infestation and floods that hit agricultural production. A new cabinet, announced in February, is built on power-sharing between civilians, the military and armed movements. Noting that Sudanese civil society comprises a range of actors gathered under a large umbrella — from women’s rights groups to research centres to organizations fighting for justice — she said their reach is often vastly wider than that of the State and significantly deeper than that of national actors. The first phase will cost $ 400 million and will reach 11.3 million beneficiaries. Peace talks gained momentum in 2002-04 with the . She went on to call on those still outside the peace process to re-engage without preconditions to swiftly conclude talks on a comprehensive peace deal. Clashes erupted on Saturday after South Sudan’s Vice President Riek Machar’s rivals declared this week they had deposed him as the head of the party and its military forces. Security Council Meeting Record. Some also pressed armed groups outside the peace process to join these efforts as soon as possible, to maximize the chances for success. A Poisonous Thorn in Our Hearts argues that Sudan and South Sudan remain deeply interdependent, despite their separation. It also diagnoses the political failings that threaten the future of both countries. It is of vital importance that the Sudanese authorities immediately finalize the Status of Mission Agreement with the United Nations. Prepositioned relief items are being depleted and there is an urgent need to replenish stocks. "The agenda for its emergency meeting will be to discuss the current political situation in South Sudan that requires the urgent attention of the council," read the statement. Learn about the civil war in South Sudan, sanctions imposed by the United States and Europe, and other recent developments on CFR's Global Conflict Tracker. Atul Khare, UN Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support, said the already complex task of closing 15 bases and repatriating more than 7,000 peacekeepers and civilians has been made even more challenging as the Sudanese authorities recently requested a delay in the closure and handover of two team sites this month. She stressed the need to expedite the pace of the peace process, adding that those outside the Juba Peace Agreement must join it as soon as possible. The world's youngest nation has struggled with war, famine and chronic political and economic crisis since celebrating its hard-fought independence from Sudan in July 2011. To that end, he said that, during his last five weeks in the country, he has met with the transitional Government and the Sovereign Council and heard from a wide range of Sudanese on their aspirations. The ongoing transition to democracy began following months of street protests which led to the overthrow of longstanding leader, President Omar Al-Bashir, in April 2019. UNAMID is seeking the Government’s cooperation in the timely processing of all administrative requirements, such as issuance of visas or customs/export approvals, to meet this aggressive drawdown timeline. March 2021. Found insideThe Real Politics of the Horn of Africa delves into the business of politics in the turbulent, war-torn countries of north-east Africa. — Around the world, aid workers face growing threats. NSS detained political activist . I have since participated in mission planning processes for Libya, South Sudan, Sudan, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Cautioning that UNITAMS has been up and running for just over two months, she drew attention to the potential difficulties it faces in navigating Sudan’s enduring power imbalance between broadly armed and civilian components. The 2020-2021 Ethiopian-Sudanese clashes are clashes between Sudan and Ethiopia together with Amhara militants and Eritrea in the disputed border region of al-Fashaga (an area of Sudan east of the Atbara River and South of the Tekeze River). Machar has said the recent squabbles are out to derail the formation of a unified armed forces command, a key component of the peace deal. The Sudanese Revolution of 2018-19, which toppled the government of long-time ruler Omar al-Bashir, dramatically changed the political and social landscape of Sudan. Found insideToday the conflict continues unabated and the humanitarian situation grows ever more urgent. This book analyses the crisis and some of its contributing factors. Troops loyal to each man turned their guns on each other, and South Sudan descended into five years of civil war. Indeed, success will hinge on how UNITAMS will position itself as both a follow-on mission to UNAMID and one with a wholly different mandate, she said, with urgent priority in Darfur; on how it will build consensus across broad Government structures; how it will resist co-optation by various political interest — inside and outside the Government — and generally manage the great expectations placed on it by the Government and the public. This is the first book to focus on the two different but very similar campaigns of state-sponsored violence that have engulfed the people of the Nuba Mountains in Sudan. In the past 20 years, shootings, kidnappings, and other attacks on humanitarian organizations have increased tenfold. Not an official record. “Peace will only be sustainable if the root causes and ramifications of the conflicts are addressed,” he observed. While Sudan is making significant advances in its political transition, the challenges ahead on its road to . Monday, March 29, 2021 By: Zach Vertin; Aly Verjee As part of its commitment to learning from peace processes, the U.S. Institute of Peace is pleased to launch the South Sudan Peace Process Archive, which aims to provide South Sudanese citizens, mediators, policymakers, academics and other interested readers a window into the 2013 . Found insidein addition, the United Nations African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) ... Trafficking in persons: current situation: Sudan is a source, transit, ... He went on to say that UNAMID’s withdrawal should be steady and orderly, and that UNITAMS should focus on advancing the peace process and mobilizing greater economic assistance while also respecting input from the Government. S/2021/199 . The central focus of Inside Sudan is on Petterson's experiences dealing with a hostile government. Libya Crisis Response Plan 2020-2021; Sudan Crisis Response Plan 2021 . Citing the quota for 40 per cent women’s representation, he pointed out that only four of the Cabinet ministers are women and more broadly expressed concern over increased military presence along both sides of the border with Ethiopia. Chuol Deng, deputy spokesman of SPLA-IO forces under Gatwech, accused forces loyal to Machar of carrying out attacks on their positions, reported African media. Reduced private consumption and investment as well as disruptions in value and supply chains also . “The swift formation of a diverse, inclusive and representative Legislative Council is critical to broaden the support for the political transition,” he stressed. Arrest of Church Leaders A withering analysis of how ill-conceived, poorly-executed interventionist peace deals often precipitate greater long term hostility. In that regard, the international community must continue to help the Government deal with the pandemic and allow Sudan to gain easier access to international financial institutions. The regional Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) has convened an emergency meeting to discuss the implications of the current political situation on the implementation of the Revitalised Agreement on the Resolution of Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan (R-ARCSS). “Today it is clear that Sudan finds itself at a pivotal moment,” she said, but six months on, the Sudanese people have yet to see those who signed the Juba Peace Agreement commit to achieving progress. While the broader political and security situation in Sudan has stabilised since April 2019, you should continue to . Within the unclear terms of engagement between the civilian Government and UNITAMS, due consideration must be given to what impact the Mission will have on civil society and the burgeoning social contract will be. The representative of the United Kingdom said that her country stands ready to work with Sudan as it continues its transition to democracy, including through a $456 million bridging loan to help it clear its arrears with the African Development Bank. 194 - 02 August 2021. VP Riek Machar denies claims by rivals earlier this week that they had deposed him as the head of SPLA-IO party. At the same time, the international community must continue to support Sudan’s economic recovery and the transitional Government’s economic reform agenda, he said, underscoring India’s efforts in that regard, including the supply of 8.2 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines through the COVAX Facility. The representative of Mexico commended Sudan’s efforts to implement the Juba accords and called on armed groups that have not yet done so to urgently sign them. The first civil war ended in 1972 but another broke out in 1983. To ensure support for victims in Darfur, a representative of the International Criminal Court is currently visiting Sudan. When the Sudanese civil war reaches his village in 1985, 11-year-old Salva becomes separated from his family and must walk with other Dinka tribe members through southern Sudan, Ethiopia and Kenya in search of safe haven. The representative of Ireland said that the next steps in the peace process must include the formation of the Transitional Legislative Council and the Commissions envisaged under the Juba Peace Agreement. Sep. 1, 2021. Sudan has communicated its opposition to the filling of the GERD in two letters to the Council, dated 22 June and 7 July. A renewed and vigorous interest in politics opened up new conversations around civil rights, and sparked demands for peace, justice and democracy in everyday life. Situation in South Sudan - Report of the Secretary-General (S/2020/1180) [EN/AR] Format UN Document Source. "The Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Sudan and Chairperson of the IGAD Counci of Ministers, Dr. Mariam Alsadig Almahdi, hereby calls for a siting of an Emergency extra-ordinary meeting of the Council to be held on Monday 9th August 2021 from 11:00am East Áfrican Time (10:00am Khartoum) virtualy via the ZOOM platform," the statement extended to Sudans Post reads in part. IMF, World Bank say Sudan meets initial debt relief criteria. Found insideThe Future of Work in Africa focuses on the key themes of creating productive jobs and addressing the needs of those left behind. Sudan's economic freedom score is 39.1, making its economy the 175th freest in the 2021 Index. Stressing that transitions “live and die” by the space that diverse civil society actors are able to carve out at national, subnational and local levels, she underscored the importance of engaging civil society intentionally across governance structures as the best chance Sudan has for creating change. The Government is working to increase economic growth and create stability. This is an increase of 4.1 million people in 2020 and the highest number in the past decade. South Sudan should be a country full of hope eight years after gaining independence. Found insideCentral to this story is the tobe: a popular, modest form of dress that wrapped around a woman's head and body. However, formation of the Transitional Legislative Council, where women must represent at least 40 per cent of the 300 seats, remains outstanding. He said he remains concerned about the continued presence of uniformed personnel, a formed police unit in Kalma and a military contingent in Sortony, both from Pakistan. He condemned the looting of Saraf Umrah, the first site handed over after the adoption of Council resolution 2559 (2021). News. SFSP will deliver cash transfers to Sudanese families affected by expected economic reforms and other short-term shocks. Economy | September 8th 2021 South Sudan faces vast economic and development challenges Lack of policy reform, political instability and limited fiscal space will hold back economic development in 2021-22. While there are diverging views on the capability of this political Government, as it does not include all political forces, he said the representation of various political movements, along with their constituencies, has already allowed it to take difficult decisions — most recently, to float the currency exchange rate. At the same time, unilateral coercive measures should be lifted soon. Mediators should push for a wider compact that accommodates Equatorian grievances and includes the insurgent general in talks about the country's political future. On the economic front, he welcomed the recent economic and financial reforms undertaken by the Sudanese Transitional Government despite the challenges posed by COVID-19. A sharp uptick in intercommunal violence in Sudan’s Darfur region has forced more than 100,000 people to flee their homes in search of safety, including many into neighbouring Chad, the UN refugee agency (UNHCR) reported on Friday. Though the US security and military assistance is still tremendously significant in the region, the . Since April 2020, more than 11,000 people have tested positive for COVID-19 in South Sudan, and 120 deaths (with a case fatality rate of 1.1%) have been reported. The representative of Viet Nam urged the Sudanese parties to resolve their differences and thus facilitate the implementation of the Juba Peace Agreement. Over seven million people — about two thirds of the . Sudan Economic Outlook. The Sudanese Foreign Affairs Minister Dr. Mariam Al-Sadiq Al-Mahdi, says that Sudanese Prime Minister Dr. Abdallah Hamdok will visit Juba in the coming days to discuss current political upheavals and enhance trust among parties to the 2018 peace agreement. Sudan's political and economic issues The current situation and dynamics, and the roles of the various actors. Sudan crisis: What you need to know. The representative of France said that a high-level meeting in Paris on 17 May to support Sudan’s transition will be an opportunity to mark the country’s reintegration into the realm of nations, as well as a chance to encourage the return of private investment and to ease Khartoum’s external debt burden. The Government is considering ways to implement a memorandum of understanding to promote cooperation with the Court and preparing for a second visit by its Prosecutor next April. Cooperation between Sudan and UNITAMS will help the country to rise to the challenge so that it can complete its historic transition, he emphasized. 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